Thanks Jill, this is interesting. The Real Food Campaign data seemed pretty consistent across cherry tomatoes, carrots, kale, lettuce. Would be very interesting to see the data for apples. I think you would like the book Eating on the Wild Side (I listened on Audible), there is quite a bit of information there on how apples have changed over the years, and the differences in varieties. Apparently golden Delicious apples have had all the healthy compounds bred out of them.

The phytonutrient or antioxident compounds in produce samples can be very very different– like 100-200 X more of some nutrients in some varieties (for example Purple Peruvian can have 170 X more phytonutrients than Russets), but also giant differences within a variety.

I can’t find patterns for how soil nutrition plays a role (in fact there is research that shows stressed plants produce more healthier compounds, “Hormesis”). John Kempf, interested in your opinion on this is there any way to get my hands on sap test data?